一、引言土石坝是最普遍采用的一种坝型。由于土石坝工程施工简便,地质条件要求低,造价便宜,并可就地取材且料源丰富,因此是水利水电工程中极为重要的一种坝型。土石坝坝体系用散粒材料填筑,挡水后上下游的水头差引起了水流渗过坝体、坝基及两岸坡向下游排出。 First, the introduction of earth-rock dam is the most commonly used type of dam. As the earth-rock dam construction is simple, low geological conditions, low cost, and can be drawn on the spot and the rich source of raw materials, it is an extremely important type of water conservancy and hydropower dam. The earth-rock dam system is filled with bulk material, and the head difference between the upstream and downstream of the water block caused the infiltration of water through the dam body. The downstream of the dam foundation and both banks are discharged.