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1820年,恩格斯出生于德国巴门(现在的伍珀塔尔市).他是马克思的密切合作伙伴,对辩证唯物主义的发展做出了重要贡献.在二人的合作中,恩格斯更关注于辩证唯物主义自然哲学的发展,完成了《反杜林论》和《自然辩证法》(去世后发表)等著作,并就其他诸多主题也发表了相关研究,这些丰富的研究成果构成了恩格斯关于辩证唯物主义的百科全书.恩格斯将热力学、进化论和细胞生理学列为十九世纪科学领域三个最重要的革命性成果.并且,恩格斯对生命本质的问题格外感兴趣,他认为构成生命的分子物质是蛋白质,或者更具体地说是白蛋白.另外,恩格斯关于生命科学领域可重复性的看法,可作为实践目前技性科学辩证法的案例研究材料.“,”Friedrich Engels was born two centuries ago(in 1820)in Barmen(now Wuppertal)in Germany.In close collaboration with Karl Marx,he contributed to the development of dialectical materialism.As a result of this division of labour,Engels focused on developing a dialectical materialist philosophy of nature,resulting in works such as the Anti-Dühring and his(unfinished)Dialectics of Nature(published posthumously),although he wrote and published on many other topics as well,so that his output entails a dialectical materialist encyclopaedia in fragments.According to Engels,the three most important revolutionary developments in nineteenth-century science were(a)thermodynamics,(b)the theory of evolution and(c)the physiology of the cell.Engels became especially interested in what he saw as the molecular essence of life,namely proteins or,more specifically,albumin.Engels'view on the technoscientific reproducibility of life will serve as case material for practicing dialectics of technoscience today.