论文部分内容阅读
通过野外定位观测和室内分析,研究了神府煤田风沙区采煤塌陷1-2年后地表颗粒组成、土壤水分和植被群落的动态变化及引发的生态问题。结果表明:非塌陷区(对照)沙丘,地表颗粒组成以细砂和极细砂为主,占整个组成的63.76%,而采煤塌陷1-2年后,颗粒组成以粗砂和中砂为主,占整个组成的65%以上,呈现粗化现象,潜在可风蚀性程度加强;形成的塌陷裂缝和地表破损,增加了土壤蒸发面,导致土壤水分降低,和对照相比,地表层(0-20cm)范围内的土壤水分流失量最大,达151%,中间层(30-70cm)流失139%,深层(70cm以下)流失101%,整个沙丘典型位置的累积土壤水分流失量达392%,且随着剖面深度的增大而减小,直接加剧了沙质土壤的旱化;采煤塌陷引起的塌陷裂缝、地表破损、地表颗粒粗化以及土壤水分的流失等因素,促使植被大量死亡,植被的死亡率加大又直接反作用于塌陷地表,在风的作用下引发严重风蚀。
Through the field observation and indoor analysis, the dynamic changes of surface granule composition, soil moisture and vegetation community and the ecological problems caused by coal mining subsidence in Shenfeng coalfield sand area for 1-2 years were studied. The results show that the surface granulation is dominated by fine sand and fine sand, accounting for 63.76% of the total composition in the non-subsoiled area (control) sand dune. After coal mining subsidence for 1-2 years, the grain composition is composed of coarse sand and medium sand The main component, accounting for more than 65% of the total composition, showed coarsening and increased potential windability. The resulting collapse cracks and surface damage increased the soil evaporation surface, resulting in a decrease in soil moisture. Compared with the control, -20cm), the loss of soil moisture was the highest (151%), the loss of middle layer (30-70cm) was 139%, the loss of deep layer (70cm or less) was 101%, and the cumulative soil water loss of typical site was 392% And decreases with the depth of the profile, which directly aggravates the drought of sandy soil. Factors such as collapsing cracks caused by coal mining collapse, surface damage, surface grain coarsening and soil water loss promote the massive death of vegetation, Increased vegetation mortality directly counteracts the subsidence surface and causes serious wind erosion under the action of the wind.