中国目前尚没有处置达到安全使用年限大坝的先例,而有着漫长筑坝历史的美国,其经验或可资殷鉴。自19世纪末以来,美国兴建了许多水电站和大坝,今日拥有大坝8.5万座。随着大坝和其他配套设施的老化,大坝的维修和退役亦为困扰美国水电行业的难题。为此,美国建立了规范严密的拆坝许可制。在美国,一个坝如果被列入拆除计划首先要取得拆坝许可证。拆坝许可证分别由联 At present, there is no precedent for the disposal of dams in China that have reached the end of their useful life, but the United States, which has a long history of damming, has experience or a source of assistance. Since the late 19th century, the United States has built a number of hydropower stations and dams, and today has 85,000 dams. With the aging of dams and other ancillary facilities, dam maintenance and decommissioning have also plagued the hydropower industry in the United States. To this end, the United States has established a tight system of permitting demolition of dams. In the United States, if a dam is to be included in the dismantling plan, it must first obtain a demolition permit. Demolition of dam permits by the joint