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焊接和切割所用的等离子弧是在喷嘴里产生的。喷嘴设计是否合理,对等离子弧的稳定性有很大影响,而且喷嘴的结构形状、几何参数能够控制等离子弧的刚柔程度。因此,喷嘴是产生和控制焊接等离子弧的重要部件。等离子弧喷嘴的结构形式很多,但至今尚未系列化、标准化,究竟哪种结构的喷嘴适用,还需要进一步探讨。然而分体式喷嘴的应用不断增加。通过实践表明,在生产过程中,由于各种工艺因素的影响,同时,喷嘴又直接产生1～3万度的高温,因此喷嘴最容易烧坏。目前广泛应用的喷嘴都是整体式的,其结构见图1。
The plasma arc used for welding and cutting is created in the nozzle. Nozzle design is reasonable, the stability of the plasma arc has a great impact, and the structure of the nozzle geometry and geometry parameters to control the degree of rigid and soft plasma arc. Therefore, the nozzle is to produce and control welding plasma arc an important component. Plasma arc nozzle structure in many forms, but so far not serialization, standardization, which structure of the nozzle is suitable, but also need to be further explored. However, the application of split nozzle is increasing. Practice shows that in the production process, due to various process factors, at the same time, the nozzle directly produces 1 to 30,000 degrees of high temperature, so the nozzle is most likely to burn out. Currently widely used nozzles are monolithic, its structure shown in Figure 1.