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TLRs是一类古老的天然模式识别分子,通过识别病毒的PAMPs,活化依赖和非依赖于MyD88的信号通路,诱导IFNs、促炎性细胞因子和趋化因子等分子的释放和表达,清除病毒的感染;同时,病毒为了感染宿主,采用多种免疫逃避策略干扰机体TLRs的信号,尤其调节MyD88、NF-κB、TRIF和IRFs等重要信号分子,以逃避机体天然PRRs的监视、识别和清除。因此,本文重点以VACV、HCV和HIV为例,介绍病毒感染对宿主TLRs模式识别与免疫应答信号的调节,以进一步理解病毒与宿主相互作用的复杂性,为病毒病的有效防治提供理论依据。
TLRs are an ancient class of natural pattern recognition molecules that recognize the viral PAMPs, activate and deregulate MyD88-dependent signaling pathways and induce the release and expression of IFNs, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, In addition, the virus uses various immune evasion strategies to interfere with TLR signaling in order to infect the host. In particular, it regulates important signaling molecules such as MyD88, NF-κB, TRIF and IRFs in order to avoid the surveillance, recognition and clearance of the natural PRRs. Therefore, this article focuses on the VACV, HCV and HIV as an example, introduces the host virus TLRs pattern recognition and immune response signal regulation, in order to further understand the complexity of the virus and host interaction, provide a theoretical basis for the effective prevention and treatment of viral diseases.