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【目的】探讨无视网膜病变早产儿在出生后第一年屈光发育特征和影响其发育的临床因素,了解早产儿的早期视觉发育。【方法】选取2008年12月—2010年3月在本院随访的早产儿94人,从校正月龄6月龄起跟踪随访至12月龄的屈光发育。分别检测6月龄、9月龄、12月龄时屈光状态,分析不同出生体重、胎龄对眼屈光状态发育的影响。【结果】早产儿远视和近视的发生率在不同月龄组间差异无统计学意义,而散光的发生率及程度均较高,分别为6月龄(55%),9月龄(22%),12月龄(10%),差异具有统计学意义,随年龄增长散光呈下降趋势。早产儿校正9月龄和12月龄组显示出生体重影响着屈光不正发生率,在12月龄时显示胎龄越小屈光不正发生率越高。【结论】早产儿出生后第一年的屈光状态变化比较大,屈光不正随年龄的增长而有所下降,特别是散光的程度随年龄增长下降明显,出生体重和胎龄是影响早产儿屈光状态发展的重要因素。
【Objective】 To investigate the clinical features of refractive development in the first year after birth and the clinical factors that influence the development of preterm infants without retinopathy, and to understand the early visual development of premature infants. 【Methods】 Ninety-four preterm infants who were followed up in our hospital from December 2008 to March 2010 were followed up from 12 months of age at 6 months of age to 12 months of age. The refractive status at 6 months, 9 months and 12 months were detected respectively. The effects of different birth weight and gestational age on the development of refractive status were analyzed. 【Results】 The incidence of hyperopia and myopia in preterm infants was no significant difference between different months, but the incidence and degree of astigmatism were higher in 6 months old (55%), 9 months (22% ), 12 months (10%), the difference was statistically significant, with age astigmatism showed a downward trend. Preterm infant correction 9-month-old and 12-month-old groups showed that birth weight affects the incidence of refractive errors and showed a higher incidence of refractive errors at 12 months of age. 【Conclusion】 The change of refractive status in the first year after birth is relatively large. The refractive error decreases with the increase of age. In particular, the degree of astigmatism declines obviously with age. The birth weight and gestational age affect premature infants Refractive status of the important factors.