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一、代思想的历史把代(generations)理解为一种引起冲突与变迁的力量的观点有其深远的历史渊源。“青年”问题以及青年与成人社会的关系一直受到经久不衰的特别关注。例如,在《圣经》乌尔城遗址所发现的一块历时4000年的古碑上写道:“假如允许我们的青年一代把前所未有的行动继续下去的话,我们的文明将会衰败” (劳尔,1977年)。古希腊人把青年期视为一个急剧躁动的时期,对此,亚里士多德评论说:“青年人做任何事情都没有分寸”(麦克吉昂,1941年)。柏拉图和赫洛多图斯把代意识和代际冲突看作是政治变迁的一种偶然性机制,亚里士多德则认为,政治革命的原因不仅在于贫与富之间的冲突,而且还在于父与子之间的斗争(福伊尔,1969年;纳什,1978年;埃斯勒,1979年)。
First, the history of generational thinking has far-reaching historical roots in understanding the generation as a force that gives rise to conflicts and changes. The issue of “youth” and the relationship between young people and adult society have been given special and sustained attention. For example, on a 4000-year-old monument found on the site of Ur Castle in the Bible, “Our civilization will fail if we allow our young generation to carry forward unprecedented actions.” (Raul, 1977). The ancient Greeks regarded adolescence as a period of rapid agitation, for which Aristotle commented: “Young people have no sense of proportion in doing anything” (McGeheon, 1941). Plato and Herodotus regarded generational consciousness and intergenerational conflicts as a contingent mechanism of political change. Aristotle believed that the political revolution was not only caused by the conflict between the poor and the rich, but also by Fight between the Father and the Son (Vogel, 1969; Nash, 1978; Essler, 1979).