完成式是次级时制中的先时,表示事件时间前于参照时间。它不同于表示参照时间与说话时间之间关系的(主要)时制,也不同于描述情景图像的(视点)时体。其先时意义由功能范畴TS体现,在英语中语音实现为-en,其它意义由其它功能范畴所负载或由语境推导。 Completion is the first time in the secondary time system, indicating that the incident time before the reference time. It differs from the (primary) time system that represents the relationship between the reference time and the utterance time, and also differs from the (viewpoint) time body that describes the scene image. Its precedence meaning is represented by the functional category TS, in which the speech is implemented as -en and the other meanings are loaded or context derived from other functional categories.