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80年代,以国铁(JR)、电信电话(NTT)、烟草专卖(JT)三个公共法人股份制改造为代表,日本掀起了一股国有企业民营化浪潮。三法人改革转制幅度、难度大,特别是电信电话和国铁为超大型企业,实行全国一元化管理体制,处于所在行业的自然垄断地位。三法人改革涉及企业重组、国有资产评价、债务处理及60多万职工的安排等问题,这些也是我国国企改革中无法回避的难点。国务院发展研究中心企业部研究员陈小洪现将日本三法人改革的具体情况做一介绍,相信对我国国企改革当有诸多借鉴。
In the 1980s, Japan represented a wave of privatization of state-owned enterprises represented by the reform of the shareholding system of three public corporations such as the National Railways (JR), the Telecommunication Telephone (NTT) and the Tobacco Monopoly (JT). It is very difficult for the three corporations to reform their system of transference. In particular, the telecom telephones and the State-owned Railways are very large enterprises, implementing the national unified management system and being in the natural monopoly position in their respective industries. The reform of the three corporations involves such issues as the reorganization of enterprises, the evaluation of state assets, the settlement of debts and the arrangement of more than 600,000 employees. These are also the unavoidable difficulties in the reform of state-owned enterprises in our country. Chen Xiaohong, a researcher at the Enterprise Development Research Center of the State Council, now introduces the specific circumstances of the reform of the three corporations in Japan and believes that there are many lessons for the reform of state-owned enterprises in our country.