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破火口是大范围的火山塌陷,呈环形或近环形,直径比喷口大许多倍。作者将Caldera与Cauldron分别做了说明,前者代表地貌上有保存较好的火山塌陷的特点,而后者是经过侵蚀以后所模拟出来的。鉴于本文所举的实例多是过渡类型,上述二者的区别没有多大意义。已知最大的与酸性火山碎屑喷发物共生的破火口直径有60km,喷发物由灰流凝灰岩或熔结凝灰岩组成,相关的火山碎屑物所具有的岩浆岩的体积超过10~3km~3。这些喷发可能代
Broken mouth is a large volcanic collapse, was ring or nearly ring, the diameter is many times larger than the nozzle. The authors describe Caldera and Cauldron respectively, the former representing the well-preserved volcanic collapse of the landscape and the latter being simulated after erosion. In view of the examples cited herein are mostly transitional types, the difference between the two does not make much sense. It is known that the largest diameter of the firebreak that coexists with acidic volcaniclastic eruptions is 60 km and the eruptions are composed of gray-flow tuff or melted tuff. The volcanic rocks associated with pyroclastic matter have a volume exceeding 10-3 km 3 . These eruptions may take place