目的:了解海南垦区5岁以下儿童家长手足口病(HFMD)防治知识认知(KAP)情况,为预防手足口病提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段随机抽样方法,对海南垦区5岁以下儿童家长用儿童家长手足口病防治知识KAP调查表进行横断面调查。结果:①5岁以下儿童家长对手足口病防治基本知识认知总体平均得分为(68.05±13.44)分,基础知识(5.97±1.91)分、传播途径(7.92±2.16)分、预防手段(12.90±2.60)分、专业知识(17.44±4.54)分。②不同性别间除专业知识项外(F=0.445,P=0.657),基础知识、传播途径和预防知识3项得分差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄间4项得分差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同个人收入的家长基础知识得分比较差别无统计学意义(F=1.528,P=0.205),其他3项知识(预防手段、传播途径和专业知识)得分差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同工作间专业知识差别有统计学意义(F=5.93,P<0.001),其他3项知识(预防手段、传播途径和基础知识)差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③多重线性回归分析结果显示地区、工作、年龄、文化程度、孩子是否患HFMD进入回归方程,地区、孩子是否患HFMD和文化程度对方程的贡献最大。结论:5岁以下儿童家长对手足口病防治知识认知程度比较高,影响认知的因素是多方面的,做好儿童的家庭卫生和健康教育工作是预防该病感染的关键之一,而最重要的工作是提高家长的手足口病防治意识。 Objective: To understand the cognition (KAP) of prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in parents of children under 5 years old in reclamation area of ​​Hainan Province and provide a scientific basis for prevention of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods: A multi-stage random sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of parents of children under 5 years old in Hainan’s reclamation area using KAP questionnaire on hand-foot-mouth disease prevention and control among children and parents. Results: ①The average cognitive score of basic knowledge of prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease in parents of children under 5 years old was (68.05 ± 13.44) points, 5.97 ± 1.91 points of basic knowledge, 7.92 ± 2.16 points of transmission and 12.90 ± 2.60) points, professional knowledge (17.44 ± 4.54) points. (2) There were significant differences in the scores of basic knowledge, route of transmission and prevention knowledge between different gender (F = 0.445, P = 0.657) (P <0.05) (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in scores of basic knowledge of parents with different personal income (F = 1.528, P = 0.205). The scores of other three knowledge (preventive measures, routes of transmission and professional knowledge) (P <0.05). There was a significant difference in professional knowledge between different workplaces (F = 5.93, P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the other three knowledge (preventive measures, route of transmission and basic knowledge) Significance (P> 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the region, work, age, educational level, children with HFMD into the regression equation, the region, children with HFMD and education level of the greatest contribution to the equation. Conclusion: There is a high level of cognition on the prevention and treatment of foot-mouth disease in parents of children under 5 years of age. There are many factors that affect cognition. To do well in children’s family health and health education is one of the keys to prevent the infection. The most important job is to raise parents’ hand, foot and mouth disease prevention awareness.