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本文论述了油田常用高聚物(PAM)溶液管道减阻的特性。在实验研究的基础上,得出以下规律性认识。(1)高聚物溶液只是在湍流流态有减阻效应,可分为聚合物流动和最大减阻流动两种情况。前者减阻百分比与溶液浓度有关,后者减阻百分比与溶液浓度无关。达到最大减阻以后,继续增大溶液浓度,不能增加减阻效果。(2)国产PAM(FLA—801)具有优良减阻性能。浓度为10Wppm的溶液,进入湍流区就有明显的减阻效果。浓度大于50Wppm的溶液,进入湍流区即达到最大减阻。最大减阻流动的摩阻曲线与Virk最大减阻渐近线符合。(3)高聚物溶液的压降与流量关系表明,层流时同一流量下溶液的压降大于清水,湍流时小于清水。发生减阻的临界流量随溶液浓度增大而加大。随着高分子化学工业的发展,高聚物巳成为石油工业应用最广的材料之一。如聚丙烯酰胺(简称PAM),由于具有多种优良性能,现已广泛应用于钻井泥浆、油田压裂、油田注水、堵水、絮凝处理等领域。但是,高聚物作为优良的减阻剂,至今研究很少,甚至未被认识。因此,对高聚物溶液的减阻特性,进行基础性实验研究,对于高聚物的全面应用,对于在石油工业中发展添加剂减阻技术,有着重要的意义。
This article discusses the properties of the commonly used high polymer (PAM) solution pipe drag reduction. On the basis of experimental research, we come to the following regularity understanding. (1) The polymer solution only has drag reduction effect in the turbulent flow regime, which can be divided into two cases: polymer flow and maximum drag reduction. The former drag reduction percentage and solution concentration, the latter drag reduction percentage has nothing to do with the concentration of the solution. After reaching the maximum drag reduction, continue to increase the concentration of the solution, can not increase the drag reduction effect. (2) domestic PAM (FLA-801) has excellent drag reduction performance. Concentration of 10Wppm solution, into the turbulence zone there is a significant drag reduction effect. Concentrations greater than 50Wppm solution into the turbulence zone to achieve maximum drag reduction. The maximum drag reduction flow friction curve is consistent with the Virk maximum drag reduction asymptote. (3) The relationship between pressure drop and flow rate of polymer solution shows that the pressure drop of solution under laminar flow is greater than that of clear water and turbulent flow. The critical flow rate at which drag reduction occurs increases with increasing solution concentration. With the development of the polymer chemical industry, polymers have become one of the most widely used materials in the petroleum industry. Such as polyacrylamide (PAM), due to a variety of excellent performance, is now widely used in drilling mud, oil fracturing, oil field water, water shutoff, flocculation and other fields. However, as an excellent drag reducer, polymer has little or no research. Therefore, the drag reduction properties of polymer solutions, the basic experimental study for the full application of polymers for the development of additives in the oil industry drag reduction technology, is of great significance.