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采用光镜和电镜技术对青海省果洛藏族自治州达日县的5例成年藏獒的肺、支气管淋巴结和纵隔淋巴结进行了病理学观察。结果表明,5例藏獒肺均有程度不等的尘肺病变,其中3例尘肺病变相对较重。表现为局灶型或弥漫型尘肺病变。局灶型尘灶与尘细胞结节呈星状、散状分布,多位于细支气管周围、肺泡隔和肺胸膜结缔组织中;弥漫型则尘灶与尘细胞弥漫性分布于大范围肺组织中,尘灶周围及尘细胞浸润局部有大量淋巴细胞浸润和结缔组织增生,局部肺泡隔因结缔组织增生而显著增宽,肺泡腔萎缩,肺组织结构破坏。细支气管周围常有慢性炎症,其下段管腔常可形成扩张和肺气肿区。同时,5例尘肺病例中均有程度不等的单核巨噬细胞性肺炎。5例支气管淋巴结和纵隔淋巴结均有严重的尘灶和尘细胞结节。3例出现灶性或较大范围纤维化。电镜观察发现,肺及淋巴结中尘细胞线粒体肿胀空泡化,内质网扩张,细胞中有大量尘粒聚集,尘粒聚集处细胞器破坏。尘细胞周围的肺泡上皮细胞也有程度不等的退行性变化。表明,青海藏獒尘肺为无机尘肺与有机尘肺组成的混合性尘肺,其发生与当地的环境密切相关。
The lung, bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes of 5 adult Tibetan mastiffs in Dari County, Gyuro Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The results showed that 5 cases of Tibetan mastiff lung have varying degrees of pneumoconiosis, of which 3 cases of pneumoconiosis relatively heavy. The performance of focal or diffuse pneumoconiosis. Focal dust and dust cell nodules were star-shaped, scattered distribution, mostly located in the bronchioles, alveolar septa and pulmonary pleural connective tissue; diffuse dust and dust cells diffusely distributed in a wide range of lung tissue There were a large number of lymphocytic infiltration and connective tissue hyperplasia around the dust-covered area and the infiltration of dust cells. Local alveolar septum significantly widened due to connective tissue hyperplasia, alveolar atrophy and destruction of lung tissue structure. Bronchial peripheral bronchial often have chronic inflammation, the lower lumen can often form expansion and emphysema area. In the meantime, all five cases of pneumoconiosis had varying degrees of mononuclear macrophage pneumonia. 5 cases of bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes have severe dust and dust cell nodules. Focal or extensive fibrosis occurred in 3 cases. Electron microscopy showed that in the lung and lymph nodes, the mitochondria of dust cells were swollen and vacuolized, the endoplasmic reticulum was dilated, and a large number of dust particles gathered in the cells and the organelles were destroyed. Alveolar epithelial cells around the dust cells also have varying degrees of degenerative changes. It shows that pneumoconiosis of Tibetan Mastiff in Qinghai is a mixed pneumoconiosis consisting of inorganic pneumoconiosis and organic pneumoconiosis, which is closely related to the local environment.