目的：探讨银川地区几种气象因子对儿童呼吸道感染发生的影响，为预防这类疾病提供依据。方法：将四种气象因子气温、相对湿度、扬沙、浮尘分别同呼吸道感染发病率做单项回归分析和相关检验。结果：扬沙、浮尘对呼吸道感染发生的影响呈正相关（Ｐ＜００５）。气温、相对湿度对呼吸道感染发生的影响呈负相关（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：证明呼吸系统疾病与气象因子有关，不同地区同一种气象因子对呼吸道感染的影响也不同 Objective: To investigate the impact of several meteorological factors on the occurrence of respiratory tract infection in children in Yinchuan, and to provide basis for prevention of such diseases. Methods: The four meteorological factors such as air temperature, relative humidity, sand-blowing and dust-floating were separately analyzed with the correlation of incidence of respiratory tract infection. Results: The effects of blowing sand and floating dust on the occurrence of respiratory infection were positively correlated (P <005). The effects of temperature and relative humidity on respiratory infections were negatively correlated (P <001). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of respiratory diseases is associated with meteorological factors and the same meteorological factors in different regions have different effects on respiratory infections