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作者通过对甘肃陇东黄土高原沟壑区1988年7月23日发生的特大暴雨灾害(300年一遇,中心点的降水量210～240mm)的调查,根据实地获取的资料,分析了该次暴雨系由局部地热对流而形成,由700hpa的“人”字型(?)变所触变。降雨历时仅2h5 min至2h35min,但成灾是严重的。本文分析了暴雨在塬区造成灾害的自然原因和人为原因;分析评价了本区水土保持工程措施,如条田、沟头防护、库坝、造林等的优点与不足。提出了塬、坡、沟综合防治体系思想,并针对黄土高原暴雨多系局部地热对流所形成和降雨量大、降雨强度大的特点,建议提高水保规划、设计和施工的抗灾能力。
Based on the investigation of the heavy rain disaster on July 23, 1988 in Longdong Loess Plateau Gully Area of Gansu (once in 300 years and the precipitation of 210 ~ 240mm in the center), based on the data obtained in the field, the torrential rain Department by the local thermal convection and formed by the 700hpa “person” type (?) Change by the change. Rainfall lasted only 2h5 min to 2h35min, but the disaster was serious. This article analyzes the natural causes and man-made causes of heavy rains causing disasters in the highland areas, and analyzes and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of engineering measures for soil and water conservation in this area, such as strip fields, ditch head protection, reservoir dams and afforestation. The comprehensive prevention and control system of plateau, slope and ditch was put forward. According to the features of local geothermal convection caused by heavy rain in the Loess Plateau and large rainfall intensity and heavy rainfall intensity, it is suggested to improve the disaster resilience of planning, design and construction of water and soil conservation.