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2型糖尿病增加了患者发展为阿尔茨海默病(AD)的风险,现两者之间的因果关系仍知之甚少。AD患者大脑中胰岛素信号通路的变化,β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)能够导致神经系统胰岛素抵抗,同时鼻腔应用胰岛素是治疗AD的有效方法。AD患者胰岛素水平升高,而高的胰岛素水平可导致Aβ的含量增多和tau蛋白磷酸化,从而导致AD病理学改变。高血糖状态可导致认知功能障碍,甚至发展为AD,这一结果已得到横断面研究证实,却受到纵向研究的质疑。尽管存在分歧,肥胖、血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗和久坐等危险因素得到普遍认可,通过改变生活习惯和药物控制可阻止或减缓两者病情的发展。本文介绍两者的相互关系。
Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the causal link between the two is still poorly understood. AD patients with changes in the brain insulin signal pathways, β-amyloid (Aβ) can lead to nervous system insulin resistance, nasal administration of insulin is an effective method of treatment of AD. AD patients with elevated insulin levels, and high insulin levels can lead to increased levels of Aβ and phosphorylated tau, leading to AD pathological changes. Hyperglycemia can lead to cognitive dysfunction, and even to AD, a result that has been corroborated by cross-sectional studies but questioned by longitudinal studies. Despite the disagreements, risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and sedentary are generally recognized, and lifestyle and drug control can both prevent or slow the progression of both conditions. This article describes the relationship between the two.