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本文要点:遗传型是机体全部遗传基因的总和,代表了个体的遗传潜力。在决定个体的解剖、生化、生理、行为等特性或遗传表型(如褐色的眼睛、75 kg的体重、50 ml/kg/min的最大摄氧量等)上起主导作用。除了同卵双胞胎外,人们在遗传表型上,如肌力、体重、血压等,及其对运动训练、低能饮食、药物治疗以及其它外界因素的反应结果也各有不同。运动训练是否能够取得理想成效,可能主要取决于训练前个体的某些特性以及这些特性对运动训练的适应能力。那些优秀的运动员很可能具备从事某项运动的得天独厚的遗传因素,而这些因素并在训练中展现出超乎寻常的适应能力,从而能大获成功。根据遗传理论,很难精确预料某人运动训练的效果如何,对其它刺激的反应如何,以及是否能成为一名冠军运动员。有把握地利用基因工程或其它遗传技术来造就冠军运动员依然是不可能的。
This article highlights: Genetic type is the sum of all the genes of the body, representing the individual’s genetic potential. In determining the anatomical, biochemical, physiological, behavioral and other characteristics or genetic phenotype (such as brown eyes, 75 kg of body weight, 50 ml / kg / min maximum oxygen uptake, etc.) play a leading role. In addition to identical twins, people have different genetic phenotypes such as muscle strength, weight, blood pressure, and their response to exercise training, low-energy diets, medications, and other external factors. Whether or not exercise training achieves the desired result may depend largely on certain characteristics of individuals prior to training and their adaptability to exercise training. Those who are good athletes are likely to have a unique genetic element in a sport that has been extremely successful in demonstrating extraordinary adaptability to training. According to genetic theory, it is difficult to predict exactly how well someone is exercising, how they respond to other stimuli, and whether they can become a champion athlete. It is still impossible to use championed genetic engineering or other genetic techniques to create champion athletes.