经济学要维持其科学性,就必须坚持价值中立原则,不进行道德和价值判断。这一逻辑推论表面上看似成理,但实践中却容易造成认识上的误导,甚至是制造出一种陷阱。任何科学的发展都需要人文导航,由科学引发的道德问题如果不加以回答,科学本身也难以健康发展。经济学本身既具有自然科学的属性,也具有人文科学的属性,如何能够回避价值判断问题呢?当代经济学是伴随着市场经济发展起来的,旨在研究市场经济发展的规律。虽然到目前为止还没有一种制度能够比市场经济给人们带来更多的福利,但并不能就此证明市场经济可以“万岁”。其实,市场经济本身也是不断变化和发展的,存在不同的发展阶段和发展模式,也有“好”与“坏”之分。经济学研究市场配置资源的客观规律,不仅是为了借以改善效率,增加社会福利总量,同时也越来越关注公平和社会正义问题,并把它看作是实现效率的必要前提。市场经济的出现最初是以效率选择为依据的,但选择效率本身就是一种价值判断,同时也必然隐含着一个前提,它比前市场经济的制度更能体现社会进步的价值取向和道德要求。在市场经济发展的过程中,我们不仅看到了效率的逐步改进,也看到了市场经济负面作用带来的种种弊端,更看到了 In order to maintain its scientific nature, economics must adhere to the principle of value neutrality without morality and value judgments. This logical reasoning seems apparently justified, but in practice it can easily lead to misunderstanding and even create a trap. Any scientific development requires humanistic navigation. If the moral problems initiated by science are not answered, science itself will not be able to develop healthily. Economics itself has both natural science attributes and humanities attributes. How to avoid the problem of value judgments? Contemporary economics is accompanied by the development of the market economy, aimed at studying the law of the development of the market economy. Although no system so far has brought more benefits to people than the market economy, it can not prove that the market economy can be “long live”. In fact, the market economy itself is constantly changing and developing. There are different stages of development and modes of development. There are also “good” and “bad” points. The objective laws governing the allocation of resources in the market of economics are not only designed to improve efficiency and increase the total amount of social welfare, but also pay more and more attention to issues of fairness and social justice and regard it as a necessary prerequisite for achieving efficiency. The emergence of a market economy was originally based on the choice of efficiency. However, the efficiency of selection is itself a value judgment, and it must also imply a premise that better reflects the value orientation and moral requirements of social progress than the system of the former market economy . In the process of market economy development, we not only saw the gradual improvement of efficiency, but also saw the drawbacks brought by the negative effects of the market economy. We also saw that