生川乌,辛、苦、热,有大毒。一般需经炮制后方能口服。其有毒成分为双酯型生物碱(如乌头碱、美沙乌头碱等)。制川乌的毒性大大降低,其原因是在炮制(浸泡后煮或蒸)过程中,双酯型生物碱因水解除去酯基,生成醇胺型生物减,后者的毒性很小,但却保持着消炎、镇痛的作用。生川乌毒性大,选其做LD_(50)(半数致死量)实验,比较理想。预试验中,我们发现用生川乌的水煎液给小白鼠灌胃,灌很大的量也未见小鼠死亡。后改用有机溶媒提取。将完整的生川乌200克用碾槽碾为粗粉。以氯仿冷浸提取3次(每次浸泡约24小时),滤过,提取液回收氯仿后,取一半配成水溶液,给小白鼠灌胃,求得LD_(50)为2.5～3.0g/kg体重(因动物个体差异及有实验抽样误差,故数据不完全相 Health Chuanwu, Xin, bitter, hot, there is a big poison. Usually processed by oral administration. Its toxic components are diester-type alkaloids (such as aconitine, mesaconitine, etc.). The toxicity of Chuanwu is greatly reduced. The reason is that during the processing (cooking or steaming after soaking), the double ester alkaloids remove the ester groups due to hydrolysis and produce alcohol amine bio-reduction. The toxicity of the latter is very small. It maintains its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Chuanwu has a large toxicity, so it is ideal for LD_(50) (half lethal dose) experiments. In the pre-test, we found that mice were given intragastrically with decoction of Radix Aconiti, and no significant doses of mice died. After the switch to organic solvent extraction. 200 grams of whole raw Chuanwu were grinded into coarse powder with a grind tank. Cold extraction with chloroform 3 times (each soaking about 24 hours), filtration, recovery of chloroform after the extract, take half of the formulated aqueous solution, the mice were gavaged to obtain LD_ (50) 2.5 ~ 3.0g/kg Body weight (Individual data are incomplete due to individual animal differences and experimental sampling errors