格哈德·A.李特(Gerhard A.Ritter)是德国著名历史学家,批判社会史学派的创始人之一。李特1929年出生于柏林,二战后在柏林自由大学求学期间曾担任德国史学泰斗弗里德里希·迈内克(Friedrich Meinecke,一译梅尼克)的学术助手,并成为迈内克在纳粹时期流亡美国的学生汉斯·罗森伯格(Hans Rosenberg)在柏林任客座教授期间的第一批德国学生。作为罗森伯格的批判社会史理念在联邦德国的主要传承人,李特在德国社会史研究领域进行了开拓性研究,并培养了一大批社会史研究人才。他最为有名的学生于尔根·科卡(Jürgen Kocka)认为,李特对德国社会史研究的贡献“至少与汉斯·罗森伯格一样大”。李特在德国政党史、议会与选举史、福利国家史、工人史等研究领域都取得了杰出的成就。与其他批判社会史学派主要代表人物不同,李特并不认为社会史必须独霸史学界,而是可以作为历史学的一个重要分支与其他分支包括传统的政治史和睦相处。李特因其学术成就与包容性在联邦德国史学界受到同行的广泛认同,1976—1980年曾任德国历史学家协会主席,并在1990年德国再统一之际担任原东德历史科学重建工作的领导人。李特先生精力充沛、兴趣广泛,在2006年的古稀之年还推出了广受赞赏的力作《德国统一的代价——再统一与社会福利国家的危机》,~((1))并因此获得了德国史学界的最高奖项——历史学家奖。他虽然身为社会史研究的先驱,但并不歧视外交史研究。2013年,已经84岁的他又出版了外交史专著《汉斯-迪特里希·根舍、外交部与与德国的统一》。~((2))就在同年11月初,李特先生应邀参加“北京论坛”国际学术会议,并于11月5日访问中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,作了关于德国社会福利国家史的学术报告。老先生精力之旺盛,给听众留下深刻的印象。就在此前一天,笔者对李特先生就德国历史与历史学作了专门采访。由于录音的整理与核对花费了较长时间,再加上其他工作的影响,采访文稿未能及时发表。鉴于老先生身体之硬朗,笔者以为,再晚也能让他看到这篇采访的中文版,不料在去年6月末收到李特先生的学生魏斯(E.Weis)先生转来的噩耗,说李特先生已经于6月20日以86岁的高龄在柏林逝世。本刊特此发表这篇两年前的采访,以介绍与追悼这位杰出的德国史学前辈。~((3)) Gerhard A. Ritter is one of the founders of the famous German historian and critical school of social history. Born in Berlin in 1929, Litt was an academic aide to German historian Friedrich Meinecke during his studies at Free University Berlin, and became one of the keynote speakers of Menek during the Nazi period Hans Rosenberg, a student in exile in the United States, was the first German student to be a visiting professor in Berlin. As Rosenberg’s critical successor to social history in Germany, Litt conducted pioneering research in the field of German social history and trained a large number of researchers in social history. Jürgen Kocka, his most famous student, believes that Leit’s contribution to German social history research is “at least as large as Hans Rosenberg.” Reiter has made outstanding achievements in such fields as the history of German political parties, the history of parliaments and elections, the national history of welfare and the history of workers. Unlike other critical representatives of critical sociology schools, Litt does not believe that social history must dominate history, but rather as an important branch of historiography in harmony with other branches, including traditional political history. Due to his academic achievements and inclusiveness, Witt was widely recognized by his peers in the German German historiography field. From 1976-1980, he was Chairman of the German Association of Historians and served as the re-construction of historical science in the former East Germany in the reunification of Germany in 1990 The leader Mr. Litte, with his energetic and wide-ranging interests, also introduced his widely acclaimed book “The Price of Reunification and the Crisis of Social Welfare States” (~ (1)) in the late 1970s The highest award in German historiography - the historian award. Though a pioneer in the study of social history, he does not discriminate against the study of diplomatic history. In 2013, he was 84 years old and published another monograph on foreign affairs: Hans Dietrich Gense, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Reunification with Germany. At the beginning of November of the same year, Mr. Li Te was invited to attend the “Beijing Forum” international academic conference. On November 5, he visited the World History Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and made a presentation on the history of national social welfare in Germany Academic report. Mr. Lao energetic, left a deep impression on the audience. Just the day before, I made a special interview with Mr. Litte on German history and history. Due to the recording and collation took a long time, together with the impact of other work, the interview manuscript failed to publish. In view of the vehemence of Mr. Lao, I thought I could see him later again in the Chinese version of this interview. It was only at the end of June last year that Mr. E. Weis, the student of Mr. Li Te, was transferred to the bad news. Said Mr. Litte had died on the 20th of June at the age of 86 in Berlin. We hereby publish this interview two years ago to introduce and honor this outstanding German historian. ~ ((3))