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采用膨润土与杏鲍菇、草菇等菌废料按照1∶1.0(T1)、1∶1.5(T2)、1∶2.0(T3)、1∶2.5(T4)配比混合的基质栽培白菜和辣椒,以砂土和壤土做对照,探讨混合基质栽培对蔬菜生长的影响。结果表明,用混合基质栽培白菜,种子萌发率明显高于砂土和壤土,T1、T2、T3和T4处理种子萌发率分别为95%、90%、92%和90%,以T1处理种子萌发率最高。但膨润土-菌废料制成的基质对养分离子有强吸附作用,在初期释放养分缓慢,植物前期生长受到影响,对于白菜这种生长期短的作物,应用效果不佳。该栽培基质用于栽培辣椒,能够有效促进辣椒营养生长,增加辣椒产量和生物量,产量较砂土提高75.83%-191.09%,较壤土提高5.91%-75.34%,T3、T4处理产量和生物量较T1、T2更高,但彼此间差异不显著。研究表明,膨润土-菌废料复合材料在植物上的应用效果较好、成本较低,其中以膨润土∶菌废料质量比1∶2-1∶2.5最优。
Brassica chinensis and pepper were mixed with 1: 1.0 (T1), 1: 1.5 (T2), 1: 2.0 (T3) and 1: 2.5 (T4) Sand and loam were compared to investigate the effects of mixed substrate cultivation on vegetable growth. The results showed that the seed germination rate of cabbage was significantly higher than that of sandy soil and loamy soil with mixed substrates. The germination rates of seeds treated with T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 95%, 90%, 92% and 90% The highest rate. However, the matrix made of bentonite-bacteria wastes had a strong adsorption effect on nutrient ions. The initial release of nutrients was slow and the growth of plants in the early stage was affected. The application of cabbage, a short-growing crop, was ineffective. The cultivation substrate for the cultivation of peppers can effectively promote the nutrition growth of the peppers and increase the yield and biomass of the peppers. The yield is increased by 75.83% -191.09% compared with the sandy soil and by 5.91% -75.34% compared with the loamy soil. The yield and biomass of T3 and T4 Higher than T1, T2, but not significantly different from each other. The results showed that the bentonite-bacteria waste composites have good effect on plants and low cost, of which bentonite-bacteria waste mass ratio is the best 1: 2-1: 2.5.