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在“神龙二号”直线感应加速器的调试中,虽然电容探头和电阻分压器测到的空载加速腔电压波形基本一致,但是带束流负载时两者的波形有明显差异,针对此实验现象开展了研究。仔细模拟了束流波形和电压波形相对时间差异引起的波形差异,得到束流提前、同步和滞后条件下的腔压波形,确认相对时间差是导致波形差异的一个重要原因。建立了加速腔的分布参数电路模型,模拟结果表明束流负载效应到达两种探头的时间不同,这会导致腔压波形的不同;由于电容探头距离加速间隙更近,所以电容探头测到的波形更接近束流实际得到的加速波形。后续的调试实验获得了没有加速电压时束流产生的负载效应波形,证明束流负载到达两个探头的时刻确实不同,对加速器出口束流能谱的测量结果也表明束流的能谱分布和电容探头波形的叠加结果基本符合,上述结果表明该研究所用的模拟和分析方法是有效的,可以用于加速器的调试和性能优化。
In the debugging of Shenlong II linear induction accelerator, although the voltage waveforms of no-load acceleration cavity measured by the capacitance probe and the resistor divider are basically the same, the waveforms of the two are obviously different when the beam current is loaded, This phenomenon has been studied. The waveform differences caused by the relative time difference between beam and voltage waveforms were carefully simulated and the cavity pressure waveforms were obtained in advance, synchronism and hysteresis. It is an important reason to confirm the relative difference of waveforms. The simulation results show that the load effect of the beam reaches the two probes at different times, which leads to the different waveform of the cavity pressure. Because the capacitance probe is closer to the acceleration gap, the waveform measured by the capacitance probe Closer to the actual acceleration waveform obtained by the beam. Subsequent commissioning experiments show that the load current waveforms generated by the beam without accelerating voltage prove that the beam load arrives at the two probes at different times. The energy spectrum of the accelerator outlet beam also shows that the energy distribution of the beam and The results of the superposition of capacitance probe waveforms are basically consistent. The above results show that the simulation and analysis methods used in this study are effective and can be used for the debugging and performance optimization of accelerators.