病毒在与宿主相互作用的过程中,利用多种方式去排除对自身不利的因素,从而逃避宿主免疫系统的攻击;而宿主同时也会启动免疫系统去监视、清除病毒。其中,蛋白质翻译后修饰在病毒感染过程中起重要作用。本文从宿主与病毒两种角度综述了蛋白质翻译后修饰在病毒复制过程中的作用,有助于理解宿主如何进行抗病毒反应及病毒对宿主细胞的感染机制,为抗病毒的治疗提供一些新的策略。 The virus interacts with the host in a variety of ways to exclude adverse factors to evade the host immune system attacks; the host also starts the immune system to monitor and clear the virus. Among them, the post-translational modification of proteins plays an important role in the process of virus infection. This review summarizes the roles of posttranslational modifications in viral replication from both host and virus perspectives, and helps understand how hosts perform antiviral responses and the virus’s mechanisms of host cell infection, providing some new insights into the antiviral treatment Strategy.