本文介绍了适应性育种的方法和程序,并根据江苏省植物研究所油橄榄实生选择二十年的工作,提出了油橄榄适应性育种中抗寒性,丰产性和果实品质等三方面的选育指标,研讨了经济性状早期鉴定中的若干问题——叶片形态和电阻值的变化规律与抗寒性的关系,枝叶形态与耐涝性的关系,主干粗度和树冠结构与丰产的关系,叶形指数与果实品质指数的关系等,以便为提高选育效率提供依据。 In this paper, the methods and procedures of adaptive breeding are introduced. According to the selection of olive branch in Jiangsu Province Institute of Botany for two decades, the breeding indices of cold resistance, high yield and fruit quality are proposed , Discussed some problems in the early identification of economic traits - the relationship between leaf morphology and resistance change and cold resistance, the relationship between branch and leaf morphology and waterlogging resistance, the stem thickness and the relation between crown structure and high yield, leaf shape Index and fruit quality index, in order to provide the basis for improving breeding efficiency.