“五四”时期各个领域历来是学术界研究的热门,特别是思想文化领域。但作为活跃在思想文化界,并曾显赫一时的工读互助主义,研究则相对薄弱。本文通过对这种思潮的理想社会模式、试验活动、自身特征的探讨,进行历史反思,从中为建设有中国特色的社会主义提供一些启迪。一、工读互助主义的理想社会模式“五四”运动后,由于启蒙和救亡的相互促进,使新文化运动的主流由“民主”、“科学”的宣传过渡到社全主义学说的传播。当时许多青年知识分子受十月革命影响而接受社会主义思想,在“介绍新思潮,改造旧社会”的浪潮中,他们对资本主义制度表示失望,把建立一个没有剥削压迫、没有贫贱富贵、人人劳动 The “May 4th” period has always been a hot area of ​​academic research, especially in the field of ideology and culture. However, as a working-class mutual aid activist active in the ideological and cultural world and having a prominent moment, research is relatively weak. In this paper, through historical reflection on the ideal social model, experimental activities and characteristics of this trend of thought, this article provides some enlightenment for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. I. Ideal Social Pattern of Work-Mutless Mutualism After the May Fourth Movement, due to the mutual promotion of enlightenment and salvation, the mainstream of the New Culture Movement was transformed from propaganda of “democracy” and “science” to the spread of socialist doctrine. At that time, many young intellectuals were influenced by the October Revolution and accepted the socialist thought. In the wave of “introducing new trends of thought and reforming the old society,” they expressed disappointment over the capitalist system and set up a system of people who were deprived of oppression and oppression, Labor