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本文对21个小麦品种蛋白含量、蛋白产量、籽粒产量、产量构成因素、株高、抽穗期等11个性状的遗传变异、环境变异、遗传力、遗传进度进行了初步研究。结果表明,抽穗期、籽粒产量、单穗重、蛋白产量的遗传变异大,而蛋白含量的遗传变异是有限的。株高、抽穗期的遗传力较高,蛋白产量、籽粒产量、单株穗数的环境变异系数较高,而株高、旗叶功能期、蛋白含量的环境变异系数较小。在该群体的基础上,对抽穗期、单穗重、籽粒产量、蛋白产量、每粒蛋白含量、千粒重的选择效率是较高的,而对旗叶功能期的选择效率低。相关研究表明,环境变异系数与遗传变异系数呈显著的正相关,而与遗传力的高低呈显著的负相关,但遗传变异系数与遗传力的高低无关。本文还就由纯系品种按单因素方差分析所估算的遗传力作了讨论。
In this paper, the genetic variation, environmental variation, heritability and genetic progress of 11 traits such as protein content, protein yield, grain yield, yield components, plant height and heading date of 21 wheat cultivars were studied. The results showed that the genetic variation of heading date, grain yield, single panicle weight and protein yield was large, while the genetic variation of protein content was limited. The heritability of plant height and heading date was higher, and the coefficient of environmental variation of protein yield, grain yield and panicle per plant was higher, while the coefficient of variation of plant height, flag leaf function and protein content were smaller. On the basis of this population, the selection efficiency for heading stage, single panicle weight, grain yield, protein yield, protein content per grain, and 1000-grain weight was high, while the selection efficiency for flag leaf functional stage was low. Related studies have shown that the coefficient of environmental variation was significantly positively correlated with the coefficient of genetic variation, but significantly negatively correlated with the level of heritability, but the coefficient of genetic variation had nothing to do with the level of heritability. This article also discusses the heritability estimated from one-way ANOVA by pure lines.