本文讨论了几种对艾滋病(AIDS)患者肺疾病的病因学诊断技术,即痰诱导试验、经支气管镜作支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)或肺活检以及开放性肺活检。早期病因学诊断可使患者较早获得特异性治疗,从而得到较好的效果。某些患者可能有1种以上病原体(如卡氏肺孢子虫和结核杆菌)感染,如不作支气管镜检查,则会漏诊。由于目前预防性治疗不断增加,肺孢子虫肺炎(PCP)日益减少,故作出明确诊 This article discusses several etiologic diagnostic techniques for lung disease in patients with AIDS, namely, sputum induction tests, bronchial bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or lung biopsy, and open lung biopsy. Early diagnosis of etiology allows patients to obtain specific treatment earlier, resulting in better results. Some patients may have more than one kind of pathogens (such as Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) infection, if not for bronchoscopy, then missed. Due to the current increase in preventive treatment, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is decreasing, it makes a clear diagnosis