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目的了解2004年全国计划免疫审评不同免疫覆盖率县的儿童脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)中和抗体水平。方法根据2004年全国计划免疫审评县四种疫苗[卡介苗、口服脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹减毒活疫苗]免疫覆盖率不同分为3层,每层随机抽取2个县,每个县随机调查10个村,每个村随机调查1992~2003年出生儿童42名;检测方法用微量组织培养法。结果①被调查儿童建卡率和建证率分别为66.5%和75.3%。②脊灰Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型中和抗体阳性率分别为96.9%、98.6%、93.7%;几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为1∶113.2、1∶83.7、1∶40.5。③各型抗体GMT均随年龄增长呈明显下降的趋势。④不同免疫覆盖率儿童与脊灰中和抗体阳性率无相关性。结论本次调查地区儿童脊灰中和抗体阳性率、GMT总体保持在较高水平,但是个别地区的个别年龄组儿童较低。儿童OPV的接种率不能客观反映儿童脊灰的抗体水平。
Objective To understand the level of neutralizing antibodies against poliomyelitis (poliomyelitis) in children with different immunization coverage in 2004 in China. Methods According to the immunization coverage of four kinds of vaccines [BCG vaccine, live attenuated oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV), combination vaccine of Baibab, live attenuated measles virus in 2004] Two counties were randomly selected, and 10 counties were randomly surveyed in each county. 42 children born in each village from 1992 to 2003 were randomly surveyed. The detection method was based on the method of tissue culture. Results ① The children’s rate of card construction and the rate of establishing certificate were 66.5% and 75.3% respectively. ② The positive rates of neutralizing antibodies of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ were 96.9%, 98.6% and 93.7% respectively. The geometric mean titers (GMT) were 1: 113.2, 1: 83.7 and 1: 40.5, respectively. ③ various types of antibodies GMT were significantly decreased with age trend. ④ There is no correlation between the positive rate of poliovirus and poliovirus in children with different immunization coverage. Conclusions The positive rate of poliovirus antibodies in children in this survey area is generally high at GMT, but the individual age groups in some areas are low. The vaccination rate of children’s OPV can not objectively reflect the antibody level of children’s polio.