目的探讨农民工肺结核的临床特征及影像学特点。方法选取中国医科大学附属第四医院2010—2013年临床诊断的农民工肺结核42例,回顾分析其临床表现、影像学特点。结果农民工结核以男性为主(97.6%),有吸烟史者占95.2%,建筑工占50.0%,重体力劳动者占76.2%。患者均有乏力、盗汗、发热、咳嗽、咯痰等症状,合并感染9例。CT显示,54.8%有斑片状及大片状阴影,73.8%有空洞影,7.1%有蜂窝状阴影,多肺野病变占73.8%。PPD试验阳性及强阳性占85.7%,结核抗体阳性占92.9%。有35.7%入院前用药,50.0%因症就诊,11.9%就诊延迟;35.7%完成疗程,57.1%失访,死亡1例。结论农民工肺结核以男性为主,中青年居多,临床症状较重,影像学表现典型,但能完成疗程者不多,返回原籍及失访者比例较大。应加强宣传教育,规范治疗管理,提高治愈率。 Objective To explore the clinical features and imaging characteristics of migrant workers with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Totally 42 cases of migrant workers with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in 2010-2013 in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University were selected. The clinical manifestations and imaging features were retrospectively analyzed. Results Male workers dominated tuberculosis (97.6%), smoking history was 95.2%, construction workers accounted for 50.0%, heavy manual workers accounted for 76.2%. Patients have fatigue, night sweats, fever, cough, expectoration and other symptoms, co-infection in 9 cases. CT showed that 54.8% had patchy patches and large patchy shadows, 73.8% had empty patches, 7.1% had honeycomb shadows, and 73.4% had multiple wild-type lesions. PPD test positive and strong positive accounted for 85.7%, tuberculosis antibody positive accounted for 92.9%. There were 35.7% pre-admission medication, 50.0% due to illness treatment, 11.9% treatment delay; 35.7% completed the treatment, 57.1% were lost and 1 died. Conclusions Migrant workers are predominantly male patients with tuberculosis, mostly middle-aged and young people, with severe clinical symptoms and typical imaging findings. However, only a few of them can complete the course of treatment, return to their origin and a large proportion of those who lost their jobs. We should step up publicity and education, standardize treatment management and raise the cure rate.