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建筑立墙迎风面开孔时内部风压随开口处外压变化显著,使得屋盖所受净压显著增大,其测量值往往大于规范取值。而对于屋盖顶部开孔的建筑,其内部风荷载我国规范没有相应取值。为了进行开合屋盖结构设计和探讨屋盖顶部开孔对屋盖风荷载变化的影响,以1∶300的几何缩尺比制作了一个开合屋顶体育场的刚性模型,在B类地貌中对该体育场固定、活动屋盖的上、下表面进行了风洞测压试验,得到了屋盖上、下表面的体型系数、平均风压系数、脉动风压系数和极值风压系数。试验结果表明:活动屋盖的开启,可有效减小固定屋盖和活动屋盖的平均风荷载,引发整个结构承受向下的风荷载;活动屋盖开启将增大固定屋盖和活动屋盖的净脉动风荷载;活动屋盖开启将减小固定屋盖和活动屋盖的极小值风荷载,且固定屋盖上的最大极小值风压系数的位置往屋顶开口方向移动。
When the windward surface of the building wall is open, the internal wind pressure changes significantly with the external pressure at the opening, so that the net pressure on the roof increases significantly, and the measured value is often larger than the standard value. As for the building with an open roof at the top, there is no corresponding value for the internal wind load of our country. In order to carry out the structural design of the open-close roof and the influence of the opening at the top of the roof on the wind load change of the roof, a rigid model of the open-roof roof stadium is made with the geometric scale of 1: 300. Wind tunnel measurement tests were carried out on the upper and lower surfaces of the fixed and movable roof of the stadium, and the body coefficient, mean wind pressure coefficient, fluctuating wind pressure coefficient and extreme value wind pressure coefficient on the upper and lower surfaces of the roof were obtained. The test results show that the opening of the movable roof can effectively reduce the average wind load of the fixed roof and the movable roof and cause the entire structure to bear the downward wind load. When the movable roof is opened, the fixed roof and the movable roof are increased . The opening of the movable roof will reduce the minimum wind load of the fixed roof and the movable roof, and the location of the maximum minimum wind pressure coefficient on the fixed roof will move towards the roof opening.