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近年来国内兴起的文学人类学研究，它不仅是一种新的理论方法，实质上更是一种以历史主义（而非逻辑主义）为价值系统的学术史观。它直接继承着中国传统的历史主义、特别是“五四”时期所形成的社会—历史批评方法而来，同时又是对这一传统学术方式的超越。从方法论的角度看，与旧历史主义最注重材料的鉴别与使用不同，文学人类学更重视对于主体思维方式的批判；从价值观念的角度看，与旧历史主义带有明显的意识形态性不同，文学人类学采取的是一种更为客观的价值中立策略；从历史观念的角度看，旧历史主义对历史本身的理解基于一种“文化利用”态度，而文学人类学则以对历史本身的还原为旨归。作为一种学术史观的当代文学人类学研究，其唯物史观依据可以归结为“原始的存在如何决定了原始的意识”。
In recent years, literary and anthropological research in China is not only a new theoretical method, but also an academic system of historical view based on historicism rather than logicalism. It inherits directly from the traditional Chinese historicism, especially from the social-historical criticism formed during the May 4th Movement, and at the same time transcends this traditional academic approach. From a methodological point of view, different from the identification and use of the materials that the old historicism places the highest emphasis on, materialistic anthropology places more emphasis on the critique of the subject’s mode of thinking. From the perspective of values, it is obviously different from the ideology of the old historicism , Anthropology of literature adopts a more objective value-neutral strategy. From a historical perspective, the old historicism’s understanding of history itself is based on a “cultural utilization” attitude, while literary anthropology regards history as a whole The restoration of the purpose. As a contemporary literature anthropological study of academic history, its historical materialism can be attributed to “how the original existence determines the original consciousness.”