目前认为诊断心肌炎的金标准是心肌内膜活检（ＥＭＢ）Ｄａｌｌａｓ标准，但 ＥＭＢ属创伤性检查，且在儿童并发症较多。由于免疫学和影像学的飞速发展，当今已有许多非创伤性的检查方法应用于儿童心肌炎的临床诊断。本文着重介绍心肌肌钙蛋白测定、放射性核素显像、磁共振成像在心肌炎临床诊断中的应用进展。这些新的无创性检查与ＥＭＢ检查结果有很高的一致性，为儿童心肌炎的诊断提供了重要依据，并且在其鉴别诊断、病变程度与预后评估、病因及发病机制研究中有广阔的前景。 Currently considered the gold standard for diagnosis of myocarditis is the endocardial biopsy (EMB) Dallas standard, but the EMB is a traumatic examination, and more children in complications. Due to the rapid development of immunology and imaging, there are many non-invasive examination methods applied to the clinical diagnosis of childhood myocarditis. This article focuses on the application of cardiac troponin, radionuclide imaging and magnetic resonance imaging in the clinical diagnosis of myocarditis. These new noninvasive tests are highly consistent with the results of EMB tests and provide an important basis for the diagnosis of childhood myocarditis. They also have broad prospects in the differential diagnosis, degree of lesion and prognosis, etiology and pathogenesis.