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对合金磁性的研究是查明合金的电子结构的重要途径。历史上对于镍—铜合金磁性变化规律的研究成果一直被作为合金能带理论的重要例证,其绪论似乎已被公认。但是,仔细研究所有解释就会发现并非完全相同,与实验事实也并不符合。本文将几种解释的观点概括为几种模型,并以能带结构表示式进行描述和分析,在此基础上导出了与实验结果比较符合的模型和相应的能带结构表示式。本文还将此能带结构表示式扩充到整个浓度范围内,得到了镍—铜合金能带结构的完整演变关系式: Ni(3d↓)~5(3d↑)~(4.4)4S~(0.6)—→Ni(3d↓)~5(3d↑)~(4.4+α)+(Ni-Cu)4S~(0.6(1-α)+α2)+Cu(3d↓)~5(3d↑)~5—→(Cu-Ni)(3d↓)~5(3d↑)~54S~α对于镍—锌,镍—铝,镍—锡和镍—锑等镍基合金在低浓度范围内的能带结构表示式进行了初步的探讨,并导出了镍原子平均磁距与上述合金元素含量的简单关系式——斯累特公式:p(Ni)=0.6-nα并对此公式的应用范围作了必要的说明。
The magnetic study of alloys is an important way to identify the electronic structure of the alloy. The history of the study on the magnetic properties of nickel-copper alloy has been the alloy energy band theory as an important example, the introduction seems to have been recognized. However, careful examination of all explanations will reveal that they are not exactly the same and do not agree with experimental facts. In this paper, we summarize several interpretations of viewpoints into several models and describe and analyze them with energy band structure expressions. Based on these, we derive the model and the corresponding band structure expressions which are in good agreement with the experimental results. The complete evolution of the energy band structure of Ni-Cu alloy was also obtained by extending this band structure expression to the whole concentration range: Ni (3d ↓) ~5 (3d ↑) ~ (4.4) 4S ~ (0.6 ) - → Ni (3d ↓) ~ 5 (3d ↑) ~ (4.4 + α) + (Ni-Cu) 4S ~ ~ 5 → → (3d-d) ~ 5 (3d ↑) ~ 54S ~ α For nickel-based alloys such as nickel-zinc, nickel-aluminum, nickel-tin and nickel-antimony in a low concentration range Band structure of the expression of a preliminary study and derived the average magnetic moment of nickel atoms and the above-mentioned alloying element content of a simple relationship - Sparte formula: p (Ni) = 0.6-nα and the scope of application of this formula for The necessary instructions.