日本发展技术,采取“两条腿走路”的方针,一是从国外引进,二是进行所谓的“自主开发”。80年代以前,以前者为主。80年代以来,在“科学技术立国”的战略口号下,凡是与科学技术有关的政府部门都在不断地制定和实施自己的高技术计划,为在21世纪推进技术创新奠定基础。这些高技术发展计划有着共同的特点,这就是把重点放在基础研究和应用研究阶段,进行基础性探索,即从揭示分子、原子和细胞、基因等微观世界的结构、物性、机制等着手,发现或 Japan develops technology and adopts the principle of “two-legged walking”. One is to introduce it from abroad and the other is to carry out the so-called “self-development”. Before the 1980s, the former dominated. Since the 1980s, under the strategic slogan of “Building a Nation Based on Science and Technology,” all government departments concerned with science and technology are constantly formulating and implementing their own high-tech plans to lay the foundation for promoting technological innovation in the 21st century. These high-tech development plans share common characteristics. This is to focus on fundamental research and applied research and carry out a basic exploration that starts with the discovery of the structure, physical properties and mechanisms of the microscopic world such as molecules, atoms, cells and genes or