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一、“伊丽莎白戏剧”和三位最知名的演员英国文艺复兴时期的戏剧,发展到最繁荣的阶段,是在伊丽莎白女王统治的中、后期(即自16世纪的70年代末至17世纪初)及继位的两个国王詹姆士一世时期(1603～1625)和查理一世时期(1625～1642);查理一世时开始有些衰微,但戏剧史家们还是把这三个时期的英国戏剧统称为“伊丽莎白戏剧”。在这之前,或者说早期的英国文艺复兴戏剧活动,主要表现为在剑桥、牛津等知名大学的人文主义学者们举行的学术研究性的,即把发掘出来的希腊,罗马古典剧作予以英国化的改编,由大学生担任演员的业余演出,以及为王室的礼庆、娱乐在宫廷举行的类似剧作由朝臣、侍从等作演员的业余演出,而流浪各地走江湖的民间职业剧团的演出当然也会受到大学和宫廷演出的影响。
The “Elizabethan drama” and the three most famous actors The plays of the English Renaissance developed to the most prosperous stage in the middle and late stages of Queen Elizabeth’s rule (from the late 1970s to the early 17th century) And the two kings, King James II (1603-1625) and Charles I (1625-1642), were beginning to decline. At the time of Charles I, some decline occurred. However, the theater historians collectively referred to these three periods of English drama as “ Elizabeth Theater. ” Prior to this, or earlier, the British Renaissance theater activities, mainly manifested in the academic scholars at humanities such as Cambridge, Oxford and other well-known universities, that excavations of the Greek and Roman classical dramas to Britishization , The amateur performances by college students as an actress, as well as the royal ceremony, entertaining at the court similar performances by the courtiers, attendants and other actors acting amateur performances, while walking around the arena civil professional troupe performances will of course Influenced by college and court performances.