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对毛白杨(Populus tomentosa Carr.)叶围煤污菌(sooty moulds)群落组成及演替进行了探讨,分析了叶面营养物及其变化。结果表明,叶面真菌的分离物密度随叶片的衰老而增加。对毛白杨叶面真菌分离鉴定,属于煤污菌有8种真菌:链格孢(Alternaria alternata),芽枝状枝孢(cladosporium cladosporioides),球孢枝孢(Cladosporium sphaerospermum),尖孢枝孢(Cladosporium oxysporum),出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans),棕黑腐质毒(Humico’a fuscoatra),伏克盾壳霉(Coniothyrium fuckelii)和直立枝顶孢(Acremoniumstrictum)。不同生长期叶面真菌群落组成及优势种不同,叶面出现黑霉层后,以3种煤污菌为优势种,即出芽短梗霉、链格孢和芽枝状枝孢。不同的菌表现一定的演替模式,定殖及达到峰值的时间不同。毛白杨叶面含有多种营养物,其含量及组分随生长期不同而异,与叶面真菌分离物密度呈显著性相关。此外,对蚜虫的发生、叶面营养物含量、煤污菌三者的关系进行了讨论。
The composition and succession of sooty molds from populus tomentosa Carr. Were discussed. The foliar nutrients and their changes were analyzed. The results showed that the density of foliar fungi isolates increased with leaf senescence. Isolation and identification of Populus tomentosa foliar fungi belong to eight kinds of fungi belonging to the coal-contaminated bacteria: Alternaria alternata, cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Cladosporium oxysporum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Humico’a fuscoatra, Coniothyrium fuckelii and Acremoniumstrictum. The composition and dominant species of foliar fungi communities in different growth stages were different. After the presence of black mold layer on the foliage, three kinds of coal-contaminated bacteria were dominant species, that is, A. pullulans, Alternaria alternata and M. decumbens. Different bacteria show some succession patterns, colonization and peak time are different. Populus tomentosa leaf contains a variety of nutrients, its content and composition varies with the growth period varies, and foliar fungal isolates were significantly related to density. In addition, the relationship between aphids, foliar nutrient content and coal spoilage were discussed.