海洋科学中许多现象都呈现随机性质,因而常要利用概率统计的工具。直到现在比较完整的统计理论是以正态分布为基础的,另一方面由中心极限定理正态分布的确也是应用最广泛的一类分布。但是,海洋科学中也确实存在着一些非正态分布的随机现象,例如:海浪波面的极值分布,潮汐学中应用的龚贝尔分布等。关于海浪波面铅直位移的分布,公认在深海 Many phenomena in marine science are random in nature and therefore often make use of tools of probability statistics. Until now, the more complete statistical theory is based on the normal distribution. On the other hand, the normal distribution by the central limit theorem is indeed the most widely used type of distribution. However, some non-normal stochastic phenomena do exist in marine science, for example, the extreme distribution of wave surface and the Gobol distribution used in tide. The distribution of the vertical displacement of the wave surface is generally recognized in the deep ocean