一“嘉道的主體性”對二十多年來的清中葉及以後時段的歷史研究,柯文的“在中國發現歷史”一語,恐怕是引用頻率最高的幾句話之一。(1)這句看似明確但其實含義頗不清楚的話,與該領域的元問題之一“現代中國從何時開始”緊緊纏繞在一起,刺激着每一位在這一領域內探索的學人的思考。張瑞龍的新著《天理教事件與清中葉的政治、學術與社會》(北京,中華書局,2014年。下簡稱“張著”)就做出了明 A “Kadoorian’s Subjectivity” For the past two decades, the history of the middle of the Qing and later periods of history, Ke Wen’s “History in China” is probably the most frequently cited one one. (1) When this seemingly clear but in fact quite clear meaning is inextricably tied to one of the meta-questions in the field, “when does modern China start?”, It stimulated every one to explore in this area Scholar’s thinking. Zhang Ruilong’s new book, “The Catholic Church events and politics, academia and society in the mid-Qing Dynasty” (Beijing, Zhonghua Book Company, 2014.)