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自由不是自由主义的专利,马克思主义也有自己的自由观。与自由主义强调个人自由相比,马克思主义的自由是全面的,即自由是人类对自然、社会和个人的认识和控制。这种自由观同历史唯物主义相联系,强调人类对自然的自由水平决定了人类对社会和个人的自由水平;它认为人类要超越资本主义,到共产主义实现彻底的、全面的自由。马克思主义创始人过于强调物质自由,忽视了人们精神层面的自由;过于强调同质性的自由,忽视了人们个体之间的差异;公民自由是马克思主义强调的,但所有的社会主义国家在这方面都还没有完全成功。在市场经济成为潮流的形势下,精神自由、个人自由和公民自由的建设是马克思主义、社会主义国家建设的必要课题。
Freedom is not a liberal patent, Marxism also has its own concept of freedom. Compared with liberalism, which emphasizes individual freedom, the freedom of Marxism is comprehensive. That is, freedom is the human’s knowledge and control over nature, society and individuals. This concept of freedom is linked to historical materialism and emphasizes that the level of human freedom for nature determines the level of human freedom for society and individuals. It believes that mankind must surpass capitalism and achieve complete and comprehensive communism freedom. The founders of Marxism have placed too much emphasis on material freedom, neglecting the spiritual freedom of people, over-emphasizing the freedom of homogeneity and neglecting the differences among individuals. Civil liberties are emphasized by Marxism, but all socialist countries are here All have not been completely successful. Under the situation in which the market economy has become the trend, the construction of the freedom of the mind, the freedom of the individual and the freedom of the citizens is a necessary issue for the construction of a Marxist and socialist country.