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一、集体企业“二国营”模式的主要弊端及影响集体企业“二国营”模式,是在建国以来特别是“大跃进”以后,公有制关系内部变革中逐步形成的。1.集体企业“二国营”模式的主要弊端。所谓集体企业“二国营”模式,就是“名为集体,实同国营”,即集体企业在人、财、物、供、产、销诸环节都按国营企业的模式去管理,违背了集体经济自身的特点和规律,导致企业失去应有的内在激励机制和活力。其主要弊端,从企业方面看,集中体现在“统负盈亏”上。从职工方面看,主要体现在“大锅饭”意识上,职工在工资、医疗、劳保、退休等福利待遇方面躺在企业身上,追求“铁饭碗”。
I. The Major Disadvantages of the “Two State-Owned Enterprises” Model of Collective Enterprises and the Model of “Two State-Owned Enterprises” Affecting Collective Enterprises Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially since the “Great Leap Forward,” the internal malformation of public-public relations has gradually taken shape. 1. The main drawbacks of the “two state-owned” model of collective enterprises. The so-called “two state battalion” model of collective enterprises means “collectives are the same as state-owned ones”. That is, collective enterprises manage according to the model of state-owned enterprises in the links of people, finance, material supply, production, and marketing, violating the collective economy Own characteristics and laws, leading to the loss of the inherent business incentives and vitality. The main drawbacks, from a business perspective, embodied in the “total profit and loss” on. From the point of view of staff and workers, it is mainly manifested in the sense of “big pot of rice” that employees are lying on enterprises in the fields of wages, medical care, labor insurance and retirement benefits, and pursuing “iron rice bowl.”