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单抽拉力试验是全世界用于测定材料强度和延展性的一种方法。单抽拉力试验常常不被人们注意的一个方面是试验系统的同心。粗劣的同心可以显著地影响在小应变下的试验结果,特别是材料在脆性状态下的断裂强度。本评论文章的目的在于使读者辩别不同心的来源,认识不同心对试验结果的影响,评定最大表面弯曲应变和应力,熟悉一些使不同心减小到允许限度内的技术。大量的参考资料构成了论述不同心可以怎样受到加苛系统中联接件与试样设计影响的文献。对本文论及的装置与技术的定量评价是在提供充足数据的情况下形成的。所查到的文献表明,在精心设计与精密机加工的试验系统中,不同心范围在3%至5%(弯曲百分比)之间。应指出,有必要报告获取试验结果时的不同心。
Single pull test is a method used worldwide to determine the strength and ductility of materials. One area where single-pull tests are often noticed is the concentricity of the test system. Poor concentricity can significantly affect the test results at small strain, especially the fracture strength of the material in a brittle state. The purpose of this review article is to enable readers to identify sources of disagreement, recognize the effects of disparate hearts on test results, assess maximum surface bending strain and stress, and familiarize themselves with technologies that reduce disparate hearts to permissible limits. A large number of references constitute the literature on how different hearts can be affected by the design of couplings and coupons in harsh systems. The quantitative evaluation of the devices and technologies discussed in this article is based on the provision of sufficient data. The literature found shows that in well-designed and precisely machined test systems, the range of concentricity is between 3% and 5% (% of bend). It should be pointed out that it is necessary to report disagreements when obtaining test results.