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特异质反应(idiosyncratic reaction)又称特应性反应,是指个体对某些药物特有的异常敏感性。该反应和遗传有关,与药理作用无关,大多是由于机体缺乏某种酶,使药物在体内代谢受阻而致。如葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G—6—PD)缺乏者,服用伯氨喹、磺胺、呋喃妥因等药物可发生正铁血红蛋白血症,引起紫绀、溶血性贫血等;乙酰化酶缺乏者,服用异烟肼后易出现多发性神经炎,服用肼屈嗪(hydralazine)后易出现全身性红斑狼疮样综合征,假胆碱脂酶缺乏者,用琥珀酰胆碱后,由于延长了肌肉松弛作用而常出现呼吸暂停反应。
The idiosyncratic reaction, also known as atopy, refers to the individual’s unusual sensitivity to certain drugs. The reaction and genetic, and pharmacological effects have nothing to do, mostly due to the lack of an enzyme in the body, so that the drug in the body caused by obstruction of metabolism. Such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) lack of who take primaquine, sulfanilamide, nitrofurantoin and other drugs can occur methemoglobinemia, causing cyanosis, hemolytic anemia, etc .; acetylase deficiency , After taking isoniazid prone to polyneuritis, hydralazine prone to systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, lack of ciliary lipase, with succinylcholine, due to the extension of the muscle Relaxation and apnea often appear apnea response.