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从本世纪20年代开始开发的无土栽培,开创了新的种植渠道,目前,世界上采用无土栽培生产的国家达100多个,有100多种植物利用无土栽培获得成功。无土栽培的主要方法有以下几种: 一、水耕法:在大型温室里,将蔬菜等作物种植在泡沫塑料等物质上,下面与营养液槽相连接,作物靠吸收营养液生长。采用营养液循环或流动的方式,使营养液形成一流动层,营养液循环能保证作物对营养物质和氧的需要。随着高科技的引入,许多发达国家水耕法的全过程,都由电子计算机控制,从营养液的调配、定时定量的输送及回收,到作物的收割,全部自动进行。
Soilless culture developed from the 1920s has created a new channel of cultivation. At present, there are more than 100 countries that use soilless culture in the world, and more than 100 species of plants have succeeded in using soilless culture. The main methods of soilless culture are the following: First, hydroponics: In large greenhouses, vegetables and other crops planted in the foam and other substances, the following connected with the nutrient tank, crops by nutrient solution growth. The nutrient solution is circulated or flowed so that the nutrient solution forms a fluidized bed. The circulation of the nutrient solution can ensure the crops’ needs for nutrients and oxygen. With the introduction of high technology, the hydroponics process in many developed countries is controlled by electronic computers in the whole process. From nutrient solution deployment, regular and quantitative delivery and recovery, to the harvesting of crops, all are carried out automatically.