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目的调查新近装修居室空气中挥发性有机化学物质(volatile ganic compounds,VOCs)的污染状况,为控制和消除室内空气污染提供依据。方法按装修完成时间分为3组(≤6个月、6~12个月,12~18个月)进行VOCs物质监测,以固相萃取-气相色谱法检测VOCs类物质。结果 VOCs类5种污染物均有不同程度检出,分别为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯。其中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的检出率和超标率最高,总挥发性有机物(Total Volatile Organic Compounds)最高检出浓度为9.22 mg/m3,点超标率和户超标率分别为26.47%、28.57%;苯最高检出浓度为1.03mg/m3,点超标率和户超标率分别为51.61%、52.94%;甲苯最高检出浓度为1.54 mg/m3,点超标率和户超标率分别为13.24%、14.52%;二甲苯最高检出浓度为5.44 mg/m3,点超标率和户超标率分别为17.65%、19.05%。室内空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度以及超标倍数均随装修完工时间延长呈现逐渐下降趋势,12个月后几乎未见。结论新近装修民居室内空气污染普遍存在,以装修初期为甚,其主要污染物质以苯系物为代表。
Objective To investigate the pollution status of volatile ganic compounds (VOCs) in the newly decorated indoor air, and provide the basis for controlling and eliminating indoor air pollution. Methods According to the completion time of decoration, three groups (≤6months, 6 ~ 12months, 12 ~ 18months) were used to monitor the VOCs, and the VOCs were detected by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography. Results The five kinds of VOCs pollutants were detected to varying degrees, respectively, benzene, toluene, xylene, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene. Among them, benzene, toluene and xylene had the highest detection rate and over-standard rate, the highest detection limit of Total Volatile Organic Compounds was 9.22 mg / m3, the point over-standard rate and household over-standard rate were 26.47%, 28.57% ; The highest detected concentration of benzene was 1.03mg / m3, the point over standard rate and household over standard rate were 51.61% and 52.94% respectively; the highest detected concentration of toluene was 1.54 mg / m3, the point over standard rate and household over standard rate were 13.24% 14.52%. The highest detected concentration of xylene was 5.44 mg / m3, and the point exceeded rate and household exceeded rate were 17.65% and 19.05% respectively. The concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene in the indoor air as well as the exceeding standard times all showed a gradual downward trend with the completion time of decoration, which was barely seen after 12 months. Conclusions Indoor air pollution in newly renovated houses is widespread, with the initial decoration being very serious. The main pollutants are benzene series.