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为了控制碳排放,引导消费者购买低碳产品,很多国家都通过立法或者相关规制建立碳排放标签制度,我国也即将开始实施。政府(或环保组织)作为游戏规则的制定者,在碳标签政策方面,需要解决碳排放标签标准如何设置的问题。考虑当企业面临对产品价格和单位产品碳排放均敏感的消费者时,分析企业在碳标签环境政策下的产销和减排决策,在企业与消费者纳什均衡的基础上,站在碳标签标准制定方的视角,以社会福利最大化为决策标准,定量给出了碳标签标准的设定。最后,单纯的碳标签政策虽然对于有效降低单位产品的碳排放有显著作用,但是对于碳排放总量的影响却存在不确定性,应把碳标准政策与碳排放总量控制相结合,才能实现单位产品碳排放和碳排放总量的下降。
In order to control carbon emissions and guide consumers to purchase low-carbon products, many countries have established a system of labeling their carbon emissions through legislation or relevant regulations. Our country is also about to start implementing it. As the makers of the rules of the game, the government (or environmental protection organization) needs to address the issue of how to set the carbon emission labeling standards on the carbon labeling policy. Consider that when enterprises face consumers who are sensitive to product price and carbon emission per unit of product, the paper analyzes the enterprises’ decision of production, sales and emission reduction under the environment policy of carbon labeling. Based on Nash equilibrium between firm and consumer, From the perspective of formulating parties, taking the social welfare as the decision-making standard, the setting of carbon labeling standards is quantitatively given. Finally, the simple carbon labeling policy has a significant effect on effectively reducing carbon emissions per unit of product, but there is uncertainty about the impact of total carbon emissions. Only by combining the carbon standard policy with the total carbon emission control can we achieve Unit of product carbon emissions and carbon emissions decline.