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金融市场危机之前的那段时期是过度投机的阶段。高风险的金融赌博导致了高风险投机。文章考察了有关打赌的伦理学、经济学和文化理论;区分了靠运气的打赌和基于知识的打赌。革新常常是对新产品和新的生产方式的打赌。鉴于革新的特殊回报,对旧的喜好下赌注是没有意义的;只有从新产品和技术出发,对新的消费者利益的成功下注才是值得的。我们谈论的是有关经营变化的打赌,企业在这时对一项新的技术或新产品抱有信心,因而对未来的趋势具有信心。有三种类型的打赌:第一种是生产性的、增进知识的,因此是有附加值的打赌;第二种是无生产性的打赌;第三种是为了娱乐而打赌或靠运气的赌博性打赌。金融打赌必须与博彩区别开来。然而,也可能存在很多超越了经济功能的金融打赌。金融危机已经具有了过度打赌的特征。
The period before the financial market crisis was over speculation. High-risk financial gambling led to high-risk speculation. The article examines the ethics, economics and cultural theory of betting; distinguishing between betting on luck and betting on knowledge. Innovation is often a bet on new products and new ways of producing. In the light of the special rewards of innovation, there is no point in betting on the old liking; successful betting on the new consumer interest is only worth relying on new products and technologies. We are talking about betting on business change, and at this time companies are confident about a new technology or new product and therefore have confidence in the future. There are three types of betting: the first is productive and knowledge-enhancing, so is betting with added value; the second is unproductive betting; and the third is gambling for entertainment or luck bet. Financial betting must be distinguished from betting. However, there may be many financial bets that go beyond economic functions. The financial crisis already has over-betting characteristics.