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顶锻工艺的核心问题主要存于坯料在积聚过程中出现纵向弯曲而导致折纹的产生。镦粗坯料的局部变形部分之长径比为ι/d,一般圆柱体坯料镦粗时高度与直径之比不应超过2.5～3,矩形体坯料镦粗时高度与小边长度之比应小于3.5～4。长径比大于上述允许值后,则将不可避免地产生纵向弯曲。长期以来,生产中用托姆列诺夫的计算式或由此式作出的图1来设计用于顶镦的锥形冲
The key problems of the upsetting process mainly exist in the blank in the process of accumulation of vertical bending and lead to the crease. Upsetting the local deformation of the blank part of the aspect ratio ι / d, the general height of the cylinder blank upsetting when the ratio of diameter should not exceed 2.5 to 3, the height of the rectangular blank upsetting the length of the small side length should be less than 3.5 ~ 4. If the aspect ratio is larger than the above allowable value, longitudinal bending will inevitably occur. For a long time, Torroff’s formula in the production or Figure 1 made by this formula to design for the top upset cone punch