一、指鉴贤愚,发明治乱 史载两千多年前,“孔子观乎明堂,睹四门墉有尧舜之容,祭纣之象,而各有善恶之状”,于是孔子会心,赞曰:“兴度之诫焉。”“又有周公相成王,抱之负斧南面以朝诸侯之图焉,孔子徘徊而望之,谓从者曰:‘此周之所以兴也’。”把绘画自觉地作为实现政治理想的工具,画家把绘画作为忠君尽职的途径。虽然不始于春秋,但孔子对绘画功能所发的一通旗帜鲜明的议论,无疑对汉魏晋隋唐时代产生了巨大的影响。但是对绘画的这种规范社会风习,统一民心所起的潜移默化的作用,并不是所有人都能看到的。东汉时的王充,就对绘画曾发过一通颇不以为然的议论,他认为“人好观图画者,图上所画,古之列人也,见列人之面,熟与观其言行,置之空壁,形容俱存,人不激劝者,不见言之行也。古贤之遗文,竹帛之所载灿然,岂徒墙壁之画哉！”面对东汉时期宫殿寺观乃至祠堂墓室广图仙灵、圣贤、忠孝节烈义人物而世风日下的现实,他看到了绘画教化功能的局限性。然而,后代似乎并没有在意他的意见,他的声音逐渐被赞美图画的声音淹没了。东晋陆机,在比较了“图画”与“言”的长短,给予绘画以很高的估价:“丹青之兴,比雅颂之述作,美大业之馨香。宣物莫大于言,存形莫善于画。”唐代的张彦远则进一步指出:“夫画者,莫不 First, referring to Yin Xiangyu, invented the history of the disorder contained more than two thousand years ago, “Confucius Guan Ming Temple, see the four gates of Yao and Shun capacity, sacrifice of the image, and each has the good and evil of the state”, so Confucius will Heart, like said: “Hing degree of commandment Yan.” “There are King Zhou Gongcheng, hold the negative ax to the princes towards the south Yan, Confucius wandering and looking forward to that from the said: ’The reason why the week of Xing Also ’.’ ’Take painting as a tool for realizing political ideals consciously, and painters take painting as a means of loyalty to their due diligence.’ Although not beginning with the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius’s vivid discussion of the function of painting undoubtedly exerted a tremendous influence on the times of the Han, Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties. However, not all of us can see the subtle influence of such norms of social norms and the common people as the painting. Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty, on the painting once made a pass rather disagree with the argument, he believes that ”people are good-looking picture, painted on the map, the ancient column also see the column side, familiar with the words and deeds, set The empty wall, described as a living, people are not encouraged to persuade those who do not see the words of the line. The inscriptions of the ancient Xian, Bamboo and Silk contained in the light, Qizhu walls painted zai! Figure Faerie, saints, Zhongxiaojie righteous characters and the reality of the worldly life, he saw the limitations of the educational function of painting. However, his descendants did not seem to mind his opinion, his voice gradually being overwhelmed by the voice of the complimenting picture. In comparison with the length of “Picture” and “Word” in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Lu Ji gave the painting a very high valuation: “The rise of Dan Qing, the narration of Ya than Ya, the fragrance of the great cause of the United States. Mo is good at painting. ”Zhang Yan far from the Tang Dynasty further pointed out:" Fu painter, without exception