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随着我国经济快速发展,自然资源保护和利用的矛盾日益凸显。作为我国开展资源和环境保护的主要模式——自然保护区体系,由于历史原因导致在制度设计、管理方式、功能分区等方面存在缺陷,难以妥善协调资源保护与利用的关系。为实现保护与发展的和谐统一,全国各地掀起了创新自然保护模式的探索热潮。在世界多种生态环境保护和开发模式中,国家公园是已被证明行之有效的,促进生态环境保护与地方经济发展的管理模式。因此,引入国家公园模式成为我国生态环境保护管理制度创新的共同选择。由于国家公园模式起源于美国,虽然在其后的国际化发展中形成了许多不同发展模式,但美国模式仍是其中较为成熟、影响面较广的模式,因此我们选取美国国家公园模式与自然保护区模式进行比较。
With the rapid economic development in our country, the contradiction between the protection and utilization of natural resources has become increasingly prominent. As the main mode of carrying out resources and environmental protection in our country, the system of nature reserves has some defects in the aspects of system design, management style and functional zoning for historical reasons, and it is difficult to properly coordinate the relationship between resource conservation and utilization. In order to achieve the harmonious unity of protection and development, a wave of exploration of innovative nature conservation modes has been launched across the country. Among the various ecological environment protection and development modes in the world, National Parks have been proven to be effective in promoting the management mode of ecological environment protection and local economic development. Therefore, the introduction of the national park model has become the common choice for the innovation of ecological environment protection and management system in our country. Since the national park model originated in the United States, although many different development models have been formed in the subsequent internationalization, the U.S. model is still one of the more mature and influential models. Therefore, we select the model of the National Parks and Nature Conservation Area mode for comparison.